17 Top Full-Stack Developer Interview Questions for Recruiters

As most organizations attempt to establish their digital presence and reach customers through their websites and mobile applications, the demand for full-stack developers has skyrocketed. When you consider the fact that there are only 31,000 senior full stack developers in the world and that 50% of open tech positions in startups are full-stack roles, it’s clear that there aren’t enough tech professionals to go around. 

While these organizations understand that they need to hire full-stack developers to design web platforms for them, many are unaware of how to scrutinize potential candidates to identify the best talent. If you’re one of these recruiters, you’ll be thrilled to discover a long list of full stack developer interview questions that recruiters can use to identify the top candidates. 

What are the Essential Full-Stack Developer Skills?

If you’re looking to hire a full-stack developer to design your website or mobile application, a good place to start is to identify the essential skills your desired candidate must possess. These skills differentiate full-stack developers from other technical positions and offer a taste of what you can expect after onboarding. The essential skills for full-stack developers include: 

1. Front-end Programming Languages and Frameworks

Front-end development focuses on designing the visual parts of the website or mobile application, including the background, tabs, fonts, etc. While this process may seem fairly simple to an untrained eye, building attractive and responsive front-end interfaces requires an extensive knowledge of HyperText Markup Language (HTML), JavaScript, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Mobile full-stack developers may also rely on other types of technology like Swift (to build applications for iOS devices). Full-stack developers also rely on advanced frameworks, like React, Redux, Angular, and Vue, to manage the front end of websites and mobile applications. 

2. Back-End Programming Languages and Frameworks

While front-end development focuses on the visual aspects of the website or mobile application, back-end programming involves designing and maintaining the essential internal components of the platform, such as the server, host platform, and database. The most common back-end programming languages available to front-end developers include Node.js, Python, Java, and C languages (C#, C++, and C). These developers also use frameworks to write and run server-side code like Node.js and Express.js. 

3. Database Management

To manage a website or application’s database successfully, full-stack developers must exhibit extensive knowledge of the platform’s data structure. Database management for full-stack developers focuses on designing, understanding, and manipulating database infrastructure and queries. Two types of databases are used by web platforms worldwide: SQL or relational systems (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MariaDB), and NoSQL or non-relational systems (like NoSQL, MongoDB and Redis. However, an organization can use either or both types of databases, depending on the type of service offered. A popular database management tool mastered by top full-stack developers is PostgreSQL. 

4. Cybersecurity Skills

As the digital era advances, cybersecurity threats become more powerful and renowned. Hence, full-stack developers require the skill set to secure the websites or mobile applications they’ve created. A full-stack developer’s cybersecurity skills include basics such as protection against code injection attacks, system monitoring and logging, authorization, and authentication. In addition to these basics, these developers must also exhibit a strong command of advanced security concepts, such as transport layer security (TLS) protocols, role-based access control, and encryption. 

5. Soft Skills

More often than not, emphasis is placed on the technical skills required by a full-stack developer. However, a developer needs more than hard skills to successfully complete different tasks. Certain soft skills are vital to help devs navigate the complexities of a full-stack development project, and they include:

• Communication: These tech professionals often collaborate with other experts to complete each project. So, they must be able to communicate with everyone on the progress of the task or any insights they have to improve the outcome. Poor communication is a major bane to success, even if the full-stack developer has the right technical skills, as all components of the project will be unable to integrate. 
• Project Management: As mentioned earlier, different components and individuals come together to create a successful full-stack project. Hence, the developer must be able to manage them or risk a haphazard outcome adequately. Project management involves organizing tasks and designing multiple components to create a platform that meets user expectations. 
• Growth Mindset: We live in an era of constant technological advancements. As a result, developers must constantly be prepared to learn and implement new concepts. Failure to continually improve their craft may make it difficult for full-stack devs to work on modern projects. 

Read more: Full Stack Developer Skills

What Are the Common Full-Stack Developer Interview Questions?

You may ask any of the following interview questions for full stack developers to test your basic knowledge of full-stack development. We’ve provided detailed answers that you should expect from qualified candidates in each scenario. It’s vital to keep that your ideal candidate keeps their answers as detailed as possible while also being straight to the point. 

1. Describe Your Experience with Both Front-end and Back-end Development

The purpose of this question is to learn the highlights of your career as a full-stack developer. The recruiter wants to know about the full stack developer’s experience designing the front-end and back-end of websites and mobile applications. Here’s an example of what an ideal answer would look like, but keep in mind that the experience of each candidate may vary and further questions are required to assess the extent of their abilities and determine if they are a fit for you: 

I have over five years of experience in full-stack development, working extensively with front-end and back-end technologies. On the front-end, I have a strong command of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and frameworks like React and Angular. I’ve built responsive and interactive user interfaces that enhance user experience. On the back-end, I’ve worked with Node.js, Express, and databases like MongoDB and MySQL. I’ve developed RESTful APIs, handled server-side logic, and managed database integrations. My projects often involve bridging the gap between front-end and back-end, ensuring seamless functionality and efficient performance throughout the application.

2. How Do You Ensure the Security of a Web Application?

Ensuring the security of a web application involves a series of best practices that are critical to safeguarding both the application and its users. First, implementing strong authentication and authorization mechanisms is key. In a recent finance website, I integrated OAuth2 and JWT (JSON Web Tokens) to securely manage user sessions. OAuth2 allowed users to authenticate via trusted third-party providers like Google, while JWT was used to transmit secure session data. This combination prevented unauthorized access, ensuring that only legitimate users interacted with the system.

Next, encrypting sensitive data in transit and at rest is non-negotiable. In this last project I worked on, we mandated HTTPS for all data transfers, using SSL certificates to encrypt communications between the client and server. We also encrypted sensitive user information, such as bank details, using AES-256 at rest, ensuring that even if the data was breached, it would remain inaccessible.

Another critical step is to update dependencies and libraries regularly. While working on the finance website, we discovered that an outdated version of a popular Node.js package had a known vulnerability. Using tools like Dependabot and npm audit, we scanned for outdated dependencies, quickly patched vulnerabilities, and deployed secure versions of all libraries.

Input validation and sanitization are also essential to prevent SQL injection and XSS attacks. We also used Express Validator to ensure that all user inputs were validated and sanitized before being processed. This simple step helped prevent SQL injection attempts and blocked XSS attacks by sanitizing user-generated content.

Finally, conducting security audits is essential. To round off, we used OWASP ZAP to identify potential vulnerabilities. OWASP ZAP flagged a few misconfigurations related to HTTP headers that could have led to clickjacking attacks. We fixed these issues by adding proper security headers with X-Frame-Options which prevented external websites from embedding our app.

3. What Is Your Approach to Debugging and Troubleshooting?

The best approach to debugging and troubleshooting involves a systematic process, combining the use of specialized tools, technologies, and frameworks. Start by replicating the issue to understand its scope. For front-end issues, use browser developer tools like Chrome DevTools to inspect elements, track network activity, and profile performance. For back-end problems, leverage logging frameworks like Winston for Node.js or Log4j for Java to collect detailed error logs. Error messages and stack traces are essential in pinpointing the source of problems, especially when combined with error-tracking tools like Sentry.

When working on a large codebase, version control systems like Git are critical. Use Git’s bisect command to identify which recent commit introduced a bug. In addition, CI/CD pipelines (Jenkins, GitLab CI) can automate testing after each push, alerting developers to broken builds. Recently, I integrated Mocha into a CI pipeline, automatically running unit tests after every commit. This approach caught breaking changes early, reducing debugging time significantly.

Debugging tools like Visual Studio Code’s debugger or PyCharm’s integrated debugger allow developers to step through code, setting breakpoints to examine variables at different points in execution. In my last project, we also used VS Code’s debugger in combination with Postman for testing API requests. This enabled us to isolate and fix a database-related issue affecting real-time user data.

Moreover, communication is essential during the debugging process, particularly in collaborative environments. Platforms like Slack and JIRA help share detailed bug reports, including screenshots, logs, and steps to reproduce the issue. In one case, regular team stand-ups and cross-team communication on Slack allowed us to identify a third-party API issue affecting our service, which we fixed by escalating it to the API provider’s support team.

Node.js Full Stack Developer Interview Questions

While there are several front-end languages available to full-stack developers, Node.js stands out as a prominent tool with a 14-year history. Despite several new updates and releases, this programming language accounts for more than 6.3 million websites in the United States in 2024 alone. The widespread versatility of this tool makes it a great alternative for developers, as it allows developers to create e-commerce, payment processing, IOT-driven, and crowdfunding websites and mobile applications. So, it makes sense to test if the candidates who have applied to your job are familiar with it, especially if you use it for your day-to-day activities. 

4. What are The Key Features of Node.js?

Node.js functions as a cross-platform, open-source runtime library and environment that’s capable of processing web applications outside the client’s browser. Developed by Ryan Dahl in 2009, this tool has grown by leaps and bounds with its latest iteration tagged as Node.js 22.0.0. While many full stack developers use Node.js to create server-side web applications, it’s also a great tool that’s ideal for data-intensive applications because of its event-driven model. 

Built on the V8 JavaScript engine, Node.js is a runtime environment that supports the execution of JavaScript on the server side and compiles JavaScript into efficient machine code. By operating on a single-threaded architecture, it can handle multiple applications simultaneously without blocking. The key features that make Node.js a great choice for its asynchronous, event-driven system, single-threaded architecture, quick execution time, scalability, cross-platform compatibility, fast data streaming, anti-buffering, and a rich ecosystem of modules.

The first noteworthy feature of Node.js is that it’s asynchronous and event-driven. This feature ensures that servers created with Node.js never have to wait for data from an API. As a result, all Node.js APIs are non-blocking in nature and simply move on to the next one without waiting for data. Another exciting feature of Node.js is its single-threaded architecture, which ensures that it’s more scalable. It also produces limited threads to process multiple requests. The next notable feature of Node.js is its quick execution time. Due to the V8 JavaScript runtime motor, this hub provides a wrapper for the JavaScript. Thereby, supporting faster performance. 

Node.js is also a scalable hub that’s ideal for large projects because it can handle concurrent requests efficiently. By using a cluster module, Node.js can balance all active CPU cores. It also allows developers to partition applications horizontally. Additionally, Node.js can be used on multiple operating systems, including Unix, Linux, MacOS, and Windows. If you wish to use it to generate a self-execution, you’ll need to pair it with an appropriate package. Another exciting feature of Node.js is its fast processing time. Processing data on Node.js is relatively faster. It also saves time as data can be processed and uploaded simultaneously. Furthermore, data uploaded on Node.js is never buffered. 

That’s not all. Node.js is also ideal for developing microservices and APIs. These APIs are efficient because they rely on the hub’s capacity to handle multiple small services and communicate with each of them simultaneously. It’s also possible to create restful APIs using frameworks like Express.js. The final noteworthy feature of Node.js is that it supports JSON without any complications, including its native modules and other aspects of its ecosystem. 

5. How Do You Handle Exceptions in Node.js?

Two types of exceptions or errors can occur while using Node.js – operational and functional (or programmer) errors – and each of them can be handled using different approaches. 

An operational error in Node.js will occur when an application encounters a spontaneous exception or issue. A common characteristic of these exceptions is that they can be relatively challenging to track and solve as a combination of factors can cause them, e.g. infinite loops, memory leaks, incorrect system configuration, etc. The easiest way to deal with an operational error is to implement a robust strategy that’ll identify errors quickly and provide insight into their causes. When developers are fully aware of what went wrong, they can address it quickly and efficiently. 

On the other hand, functional or programmer errors are exceptions that prevent your app from functioning as expected. While these exceptions often have clear-cut reasons behind them, they are often harder to tackle compared to operational exceptions. They are also notorious for occurring at different instances during an application’s life cycle. Common examples of functional or programmer errors include incorrect calculations, coding mistakes, and missed use cases. The process of identifying and solving functional exceptions typically involves looking deeply into the application codebase and debugging to find out the real problem. 

Effective techniques to handle different types of Node.js exceptions include using try-catch blocks, callbacks, and async-await. Using a try-catch block involves handling errors that can be thrown by a block of code while callbacks are used to prevent any blocking and ensure code runs in the meantime. Furthermore, async-await is a program that replaces .then with await which handles the waiting in the function. It’s also possible to wrap async-await in a catch-block for more effective error handling. 

6. What is Express, and Why Is It Used?

Express is a minimal and flexible web application framework for Node.js that simplifies the development of web applications and APIs. It’s an important application framework because it provides a robust set of features to build single-page, multi-page, or hybrid web applications, making it one of the most popular frameworks for server-side development in JavaScript.

The key features of Express include Routing, Middleware, Templating Engines and Scalability. The first thing to note about Express is that it simplifies routing, allowing developers to define multiple routes for handling different HTTP requests (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) in a clean and organized way. Express also offers middleware functions that help in processing requests before sending responses. They can also be used for logging, authentication, parsing data, and error handling. Express supports templating engines like Pug and EJS, which allows dynamic HTML rendering. This framework is also lightweight, which makes it ideal for scaling applications and building APIs in microservices architectures.

Express is popular and widely used due to its simplicity, flexibility, and ease of integration with other Node.js modules. It enables rapid application development and helps manage backend logic efficiently, especially for APIs, server-side rendering, or building scalable web applications.

7. How Do You Manage State in Node.js?

Managing state in Node.js can be challenging due to its stateless, event-driven architecture. Before starting, it’s important to note that Node.js applications typically run in a stateless mode, meaning that the server doesn’t maintain any session data between different requests from the same user. To effectively manage the state, developers can employ several techniques based on the nature of the application.

The first technique to manage state on Node.js is In-Memory Storage (Session Management). For small-scale applications, in-memory storage, such as using libraries like `express-session` can be an effective method for managing state. Using this approach, session data is stored in memory, which ties each user to a session ID.

Another method to manage state is Persistent Storage (Databases). For larger applications that require scalability, persistent storage solutions like Redis, MongoDB, or PostgreSQL are used to store session data or other states. Redis is popular for managing session data due to its high speed and support for expiration policies. For example, you’ll find many developers combining Redis with the `connect-redis` library in an Express app. This allows for session persistence across server restarts and load-balanced environments.

The final method to manage in Express.js is JWT (JSON Web Tokens). For stateless authentication, JWT is a common practice in Node.js. Instead of storing session data on the server, the client holds the token (usually in local storage or cookies). On every request, the token is sent and verified by the server to identify the user. This method is common in APIs or microservices where scaling horizontally is important. The benefit is that no session data needs to be maintained on the server. JWT is often used for single-page applications (SPAs) where users interact with an API frequently, and sessions need to persist across multiple requests without relying on the server.

8. Explain the Single Threaded Event Loop

One of the distinguishing factors about Node.js is that it operates on a single-threaded event loop architecture which makes the framework relatively more efficient. Unlike traditional multi-threaded server architectures, where each request creates a new thread, Node.js handles multiple requests using a single thread through an event-driven, non-blocking model. This unique architecture allows it to efficiently manage thousands of concurrent connections without creating a heavy load on the system.

Let’s look at this single-threaded loop in detail. When a Node.js server receives a request, it doesn’t block the thread to wait for the task (like file I/O or database query) to complete. Instead, the task is delegated to an event loop, while Node.js continues to handle other incoming requests. Once the task is completed (such as reading a file or fetching data from the database), a callback function is triggered, and the event loop processes the response.

The event loop has different phases, including timers, I/O callbacks, idle/prepare, poll, check, and close callbacks. These phases manage the various asynchronous tasks and callbacks associated with each request, ensuring that tasks are handled in an orderly fashion. Overall, its single-threaded event loop allows Node.js to handle many operations concurrently with minimal resource consumption, making it ideal for building scalable, real-time applications.

For instance, a high-traffic website like LinkedIn uses Node.js to serve numerous concurrent connections. Thanks to the single-threaded event loop, Node.js handles a large number of requests efficiently without creating new threads for each request, minimizing overhead and optimizing performance.

Ruby on Rails Full Stack Developer Interview Questions

Ruby on Rails (RoR) may not be as popular as Node.js but this framework has made a name for itself, even competing with bigger names in the ecosystem. According to a 2022 survey by Stack Overflow, Ruby on Rails is the 15th most common web technology worldwide. Hence, it’s crucial to know if your preferred candidate can navigate the software with little or no hassle. 

9. What are the Key Features of Ruby on Rails?

Ruby on Rails (RoR) is a powerful, open-source web application framework written in the Ruby programming language. It relies on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, which organizes code into three interconnected components: models (data), views (user interface), and controllers (application logic). This separation enhances code organization and maintainability.

Now, let’s look at the key features of Ruby on Rails which include Convention over Configuration (CoC), Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY), Active Record, Built-in Testing Framework, and Scaffolding. The first thing to note is that Convention over Configuration (CoC) reduces the number of decisions developers need to make by offering sensible defaults. For example, it automatically maps URLs to corresponding controller actions, so developers don’t need to manually configure routes. However, Don’t Repeat Yourself (DRY) is a principle that encourages writing reusable code, reducing duplication. With Rails, shared functionality can be extracted into modules, ensuring cleaner code.

Active Record is another standout feature of this web technology framework. This feature relies on an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) tool that simplifies database interactions. It also ensures that developers can interact with databases using Ruby code instead of writing SQL queries. For instance, User.find(1) retrieves a user record by its ID. Node.js also has a built-in testing framework which allows developers to write and run unit tests, ensuring applications work as expected. Furthermore, there’s a scaffolding that provides automatic code generation to quickly set up basic (Create, Read, Update, Delete) interfaces, which accelerates development.

10. Explain the Concept of Middleware on Ruby Rails

Middleware in Ruby on Rails refers to a set of components that sit between the server and the application, processing requests before they reach the main application and responses before they are sent back to the client. Middleware functions like a pipeline, intercepting and managing requests/responses to perform various tasks such as authentication, logging, session management, and error handling.

In a Rails application, middleware is primarily managed by Rack, a modular interface between web servers and Ruby applications. Rack middleware can handle things like parsing cookies, managing session data, and managing security through mechanisms such as CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection.

For example, when a user requests a Rails app, middleware like `Rack::Session::Cookie` may store session data, while `Rack::Runtime` may track request time. These middleware layers ensure that the application doesn’t have to manually handle such concerns.

Developers can also create custom middleware to handle specific application needs. For instance, a custom middleware might check API keys in requests for authentication purposes before the request reaches the Rails controller. Middleware thus acts as a bridge, performing essential tasks before the application processes the request, enhancing security, logging, and overall application efficiency.

11. How Do You Handle Dependency on Ruby on Rails?

In Ruby on Rails, handling dependencies is a crucial part of managing the development environment and ensuring the application runs smoothly across various machines. Dependencies in Rails primarily refer to the gems (libraries) that your application relies on for specific functionality, and they are managed using the `Gemfile` and `Bundler`.

The Gemfile is where you declare all your dependencies. Each gem is listed with its version, ensuring consistency across different environments. For example, if your application relies on a specific version of Rails, you’d declare it like this:

Once the Gemfile is set up, you run `bundle install` to install the gems and their dependencies. Bundler ensures that every developer working on the project and every environment (development, testing, production) uses the same versions of gems by generating a `Gemfile.lock` file, which locks the versions of each dependency.

Sometimes, gems may have conflicting dependencies. In such cases, Bundler will alert you to these conflicts. In real-life scenarios, a Rails project may require multiple gems that rely on different versions of the same dependency. Bundler resolves these conflicts by finding compatible versions that satisfy all gem requirements or by prompting the developer to adjust their dependencies. All you have to do to resolve them is to update or downgrade the conflicting gems, or by specifying version constraints.

For example, if two gems require different versions of `nokogiri`, Bundler would either suggest compatible versions or ask the developer to adjust the gem constraints in the Gemfile.

Bundler also allows full stack developers to isolate dependencies by environment. For example, gems required only for development or testing are placed in specific blocks in the Gemfile. This keeps production environments lightweight, ensuring only essential gems are included.

Further reading: Full Stack Developer Salaries

Front-End Specific Interview Questions

Let’s say you’re interested in testing the front-end skills of your full-stack developer. The following questions will reveal whether or not they are a great fit for you: 

12. How Do You Optimize the Performance of a Web Application?

To optimize web application performance, an effective tip is to use lazy loading to defer the loading of non-critical resources, improving initial load times. Code splitting also helps by breaking the application into smaller chunks, loading only what’s needed. 

Another method to improve performance is reducing HTTP requests through techniques like bundling and minification of assets to decrease load times. Additionally, leveraging caching strategies and using Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) can significantly enhance performance and scalability.

If these initial optimization techniques are insufficient, you can utilize web workers to handle background tasks without blocking the main thread, improving the user interface responsiveness. It’s also possible to convert images to modern formats like WebP and AVIF, which offer superior compression and quality over older formats like JPEG or PNG. Furthermore, implement service workers to enable offline browsing and caching of critical assets. This improves performance and user experience by allowing the application to load instantly even when the network is slow or unavailable.

13. What Is the Difference Between REST and GraphQL?

REST and GraphQL are two different API design approaches. REST uses fixed endpoints to access and manipulate resources, each representing a specific operation. GraphQL, however, allows clients to query exactly the data they need via a single endpoint, providing more flexibility and efficiency. While REST is simpler and more widely adopted, GraphQL offers more precise data retrieval and reduces over-fetching and under-fetching issues.

REST is most beneficial when building an e-commerce platform where users browse product catalogs, view individual product details, and place orders. REST is most beneficial here because the data structure is relatively simple and well-defined. On the other hand, GraphQL will shine when building a social media platform where users have profiles, posts, comments, followers, and likes. Users might request varying types of data (e.g., posts with user details, followers with only specific fields) based on their preferences and device capabilities.

14. Explain How You Use CSS Preprocessors Like Sass or Less

CSS preprocessors like SASS or LESS enhance CSS by enabling variables, nesting, and mixins, making stylesheets more modular and maintainable. Variables store colors and fonts, ensuring consistency across the site. Nesting also improves readability by reflecting the HTML structure, while Mixins allow for reusable chunks of CSS and reduce redundancy. These features streamline the development process, making CSS easier to manage and update.

In a scenario where a company is developing a large e-commerce platform and intends to offer multiple themes (light, dark, seasonal) for their users.Sass significantly improves the workflow by allowing developers to create themeable components through the use of variables, mixins, and nested styles. With Sass, developers can define core variables like colors, fonts, and spacing in a single file.

Imagine a different scenario where a large tech company is managing multiple websites and web applications. It uses Less to maintain consistency across its design system, which includes hundreds of components and styles. Less helps by organizing the design system into modular components and enabling powerful mixins, nesting, and variables that can be used across different projects.

Back-End Specific Interview Questions

It’s also essential to test the back-end development skills of your prospective candidates to ensure they can manage your platform’s server and database effectively. The following interview questions will give you an overview of a developer’s back-end knowledge: 

15. What Are Microservices, and Why Are They Used?

Microservices architecture involves breaking down an application into smaller, independent services that communicate via APIs. Each service focuses on a specific business function and can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. This contrasts with monolithic applications, which are tightly integrated. 

Furthermore, microservices offer advantages like improved scalability, easier maintenance, and better fault isolation. They also enable teams to work on different services simultaneously, accelerating development and deployment cycles. For instance, when building an e-commerce platform where the product catalog, payment processing, and user reviews are managed separately, microservices are highly beneficial. Since each service operates independently, the development team can push frequent updates to specific parts of the platform, such as updating the payment gateway or adding new product features, without affecting other services. 

16. How Do You Ensure Data Integrity in a Database?

Ensuring data integrity in a database involves several key practices. Transactions play a crucial role by providing a series of operations either complete entirely or not at all, preventing partial updates. Adhering to ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) guarantees reliable transactions, maintaining database integrity even during failures. Normalization is also essential, as it organizes data to minimize redundancy and avoid anomalies. 

This process involves dividing tables into smaller, related tables and defining relationships, ensuring that each piece of data is stored only once. Together, these practices help maintain data accuracy, consistency, and reliability within the database.

Additional data integrity techniques that can be adopted include database indexing, which is a powerful technique that enhances the efficiency of data retrieval operations in a database. It creates a data structure (index) that allows faster access to records in a table. Developers can also attempt to use foreign keys for referential identity. Foreign keys enforce referential integrity between tables, ensuring that relationships between data are maintained accurately. Furthermore, it’s possible to rely on data validation rules. These rules can include checking data types (ensuring a number is entered for a price field), value ranges (dates should not be in the future for past events), or even custom logic (validating an email address format).

Traditional SQL databases, such as MySQL and PostgreSQL, emphasize strong consistency and integrity through ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions. These databases implement strict schema designs where every table must follow defined relationships, and referential integrity is ensured using foreign keys. On the other hand, NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB and Cassandra, take a more flexible approach to data integrity, prioritizing scalability and performance over strict consistency. These databases often follow the BASE (Basically Available, Soft state, Eventual consistency) model. 

17. What Is Docker, and How Is It Used in Development?

Docker is a platform for containerization, allowing applications to run in isolated environments called containers. Containers package an application and its dependencies, ensuring consistency across different environments. Key Docker commands include `docker build`, `docker run`, and `docker-compose` for creating, running, and managing containers. In development, Docker facilitates consistent environments and rapid deployment, while in production, it ensures scalability, portability, and efficient resource utilization.

Docker ensures that the development, testing, and production environments are consistent. In a CI/CD pipeline, Docker containers allow developers to package applications with all their dependencies, eliminating “it works on my machine” issues. Docker images can also be reused, reducing build times. This is especially useful in CI/CD pipelines where frequent builds are required.

If you’re interested in a comprehensive software development recruitment, you can try any of the following questions to get the best out of the process. Each of these interview questions focus on a different aspects of software developer recruitment and recruiters can rely on the answers mentioned above to get an idea of what to expect from the best candidates while hiring. 

Further reading: Full Stack Developer Job Description Template and Hire Remote Full Stack Developer

Frequently asking questions

Article author

Vit Koval

Co-founder at Globy

A top Global Hiring voice on LinkedIn, co-founder of Globy, and host of Default Global. Using deep expertise in global hiring, remote work, and global business expansion to help companies excel worldwide with innovative strategies.